Seasonal variations affect the physical and chemical parameters of inland waters: a case study of Warri River in Nigeria
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Abstract
The Niger-Delta area in Nigeria is rich with rivers, swamps and creeks that are often subject to various forms of pollution. The effect of seasonal variations on the physical and chemical conditions of Warri River was studied in 2015. Temperature and pH values across all seasons fell within the optimum range formost aquatic organisms. Meanwhile, total dissolved solids exceeded the World Health Organization (WHO) permissible limit, especially during the dry season; indicating possible pollution from inorganic salts, organic matter and other dissolved materials in the water. The low dissolved oxygen value recorded was expected due to the high levels of dissolved solids recorded in the river. Lastly, phosphate, nitrate and sulphate concentrations recorded were below the WHO permissible limits. The chemical and biological parameters recorded indicate that the Warri River poses minimal threat to human and animal life.
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J. E. Idomeh, N. A. Isokpehi, O. B. Shittu, and K. A. Fasina, “Seasonal variations affect the physical and chemical parameters of inland waters: a case study of Warri River in Nigeria”, Int.J.Halal.Res, vol. 1, no. 1, pp. 1-7, Dec. 2019.
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References
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Akan, J. C., Abdulrahman, F. I., Dimari, G. A., and Ogugbuaja, V. O. (2007). Physiological determination of pollutants in wastewater and vegetables samples along the Jakara wastewater channel in Kano metropolis, Kano state, Nigeria. European Journal of Scientific research,23(1), 122-133.
Alinnor, I. J., Ogukwe, C. E., and Nwagbo, N. C. (2014). Characteristic Level of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon in Soil and Groundwater of Oil Impacted Area in the Niger Delta Region, Nigeria. Journal of Environment and Earth Science, 4(23): 2224-3216.
Cox, B. A. (2003). A review of dissolved oxygen modelling techniques for lowland rivers. The Science of the Total Environment, 314-316, 303-334.
EPA (Environmental Protection Agency). (2001). Contaminant Candidate List Preliminary Regulatory Determination Support Document for Sulfate. EPA 815/01/015. Washington, DC: Office of Water, EPA.
Eze, V. C., and Okpokwasili, G. C. (2010). Microbial and other related changes in Niger Delta River sediment receiving industrial effluents. Continental Journal of Microbiology, 4, 15-24.
FEPA (Federal Environmental Protection Agency). 1991. Proposed National Water Quality Standards.Federal Environmental Protection Agency. Nigeria 251 (77652).
Gray, F. N. (2002). Water Technology: An Introduction for Environmental Scientists and Engineers. Butterworth-Heinemann. Oxford pp. 35-80.
Hawley, E. R., Piao, H., Scott, N. M. et al. (2014). Metagenomic analysis of microbial consortium from natural crude oil that seeps into the marine ecosystem offshore Southern California. Standards in Genomic Sciences, 9, 1259-1274.
Kataria, H. C., Quershi, H. A., Iqbal, S. A., and Shandilya, A. K. (1996). Assessment of water quality of Kolar reservoir in Bhopal (M.P.). Pollution Research, 15(2), 191-193.
Oloruntoba, E. O., Mynepalli, K. C., Sridhar, R., Alabi, T., and Stephen, A. A. (2013). Nitrate concentration in drinking water supplies in selected communities of Ibadan Southeast local government, Ibadan, Nigeria. African Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 7(7), 702-710.
Prince, R. C. (2010). Bioremediation of marine oil spills, pp. 2618–2626. In KN. Timmis (ed.), Handbook of hydrocarbon and lipid microbiology. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
Schlesinger, W. H. and Bernhardt, E. S. (2013) Biogeochemistry: An analysis of Global Change. Elsevier Inc. Academic Press, 3rd Edition. Pp 688
Sujitha, P. C., Mitra, D., Sowmya, P. K., and Mini-Priya, R. (2012). Physico-chemical parameters of Karamana river water in Trivandrum district, Kerala, India. International Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2(3), 1417-1434.
Turner, R. E., Overton, E. B., Meyer, B. M., Miles, M. S., and Hooper, B. L. (2014). Changes in the concentration and relative abundance of alkanes and PAHs from the Deep water Horizon oiling of coastal marshes. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 86(1−2), 291-297.
Uzoekwe, S. A., and Oghosanine, F. A. (2011). The effect of refinery and petrochemical effluent on water quality of Ubeji creek Warri, Southern Nigeria. Ethiopian Journal of Environmental Studies and Management, 4, 2-11.
Wang, Q., Zhang, S., and Klassen, W. (2010). Potential approaches to improving biodegradation of hydrocarbons for bioremediation of crude oil pollution. Journal of Environmental Protection, 2, 47-45.
WHO (World Health Organization). (2003). Total dissolved solids in Drinking-water Background document for development of WHO Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality Originally published in Guidelines for drinking-water quality, 2nd ed. Vol. 2.